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Between every two to four months, depending on the hardness of the water in your area. There are more minerals in hard water, which means you may have to descale your machine more often. If your area has soft water, it should be sufficient to descale the machine less often. Some manufacturers recommend a descaling after 40 brews.
If a coffee maker has a drip-stop, it means that the coffee stops dripping down when you remove the carafe. This means you can avoid unnecessary spillage, and you can fill your cup before the brew is finished. When you put the carafe back in its place, the brewing will automatically start again. This differs slightly from product to product.
There are a lot of different descaling liquids made by the coffee manufacturers, but a common household remedy is to descale the coffee maker with vinegar:
For a 125 ml cup of coffee, you should count on using 7–8 grams of coffee or 60 grams per litre of water. There are also custom coffee measuring cups; with these, your count is based on each full measure.
Hot water and coffee beans = coffee. It isn't more difficult than that, in theory. But in practice there are coffee makers in many price ranges with many different functions and features. In general, the quality of the brewer tends to rise in line with the price, but not always. At the slightly more expensive end we find the ECBC approved coffee machines, which are built for optimal coffee brewing – and coffee taste. Read about ECBC here.
If you like waking up to the smell of freshly brewed coffee, a coffee maker with a built-in timer is a practical choice. If you leave the house in a flying leap with your breath in your throat, it can be nice to know that an automatic shutdown ensures that the coffee maker is not left on all day, with the risk of fire as a result. A brewer that brews directly into a thermos saves electricity as they switch off immediately when the coffee is finished, and the coffee still stays warm. The advantage here is also that your coffee stays hot, without having the disturbing aftertaste of burnt coffee.