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You could describe the processor as the computer's brain, and it receives signals and commands and transmits these to the other components of the computer – almost identical to how our brain works. The processor is one of the most important components of the computer.
You can investigate how many cores, or threads, the processor has by typing "msinfo" in the search bar in the lower-left corner of the screen (Windows). There you will get a list, and in the system summary, you will find the processor. There you can let your mouse rest over the text, and it will say how many cores your processor has.
Processors come in many different formats with different pros and cons, and which one is best, therefore, depends on your needs. A processor built for easier work such as studying and browsing will do those tasks well, but if you want to use it for gaming, for example, it would be more difficult to get a good gaming experience. Games and other heavier tasks such as video editing and such require a more powerful processor. At the same time, it is unnecessary to buy an overly powerful processor if you do not intend to harness all its power, as you will then have to spend more money than necessary. The more powerful the processor, the more it costs.